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        <Name>Asian Morning Update 31st March 2008</Name>
        <Summary>The Dollar remains under pressure but shouldn’t break below old lows</Summary>
        <Description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;European releases on Friday:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Forecast&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Actual&lt;br /&gt;U.K. GDP (F)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (QoQ)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.6%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.6%&lt;br /&gt;U.K. GDP (F)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (YoY)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+2.9%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +2.8%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;March&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;French Bloomberg Retail PMI&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 58.8 (prior)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 53.3&lt;br /&gt;Italian Bloomberg Retail PMI&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 43.8 (prior)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 36.4&lt;br /&gt;German Bloomberg Retail PMI&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 52.1 (prior)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 51.5&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Euro-zone Bloomberg Retail PMI&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 52.4 (prior)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 48.2&lt;br /&gt;Swiss KOF Leading Indicator&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+1.60&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1.54&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;The European retail PMI numbers reflect the difference between industry and consumers. Industry may well be confident and production numbers are strong but consumers are wary. The alarming rise in both food and energy related products have produced the same reaction around the globe. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;When personal finances come under threat the immediate reaction is to reign back on spending elsewhere. The same reaction is being seen on both Japan and the States and this will likely dampen growth over the months to come. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Add to this the shortfall in liquidity in the credit markets (highlighted by the ECB&amp;rsquo;s Mersch) produces a rather delicate line to tread. The globalization bubble has also produced a number of high profile leveraged buy-out companies and the longer the situation persist the odds on one of these LBO&amp;rsquo;s collapsing increases. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Another area of concern which will hit consumers at a time when it is just not needed is mortgages. The U.K.&amp;rsquo;s Financial Times reported on the tightening in supply of home loans with the consequent hike in mortgage rates implemented by three of the country&amp;rsquo;s biggest lenders. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;This came hot on the heels of the GfK/NOP U.K. consumer confidence index which crashed to its lowest level in 15 years at -19. That&amp;rsquo;s the 7th consecutive monthly fall. Only one year ago it was at -8.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Extended periods of this type of strain would see the credit crisis spread more insidiously into the global economy and force a more sustained recession that could last well into next year. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;States releases on Friday:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;February&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Forecast&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Actual&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Personal Income&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (MoM)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.3%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.5%&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Personal Spending&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (MoM)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;+0.1%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.1%&lt;br /&gt;U.S. PCE Core&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (MoM)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.1%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +0.1%&lt;br /&gt;U.S. PCE Core&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (YoY)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +2.1%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; +2.0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Modest good news from the States from the personal income and spending numbers. They are nowhere close to providing any &amp;ldquo;feel good&amp;rdquo; factor but they will at least provide a degree of comfort that PCE is not collapsing as fast as some had feared. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;However, they are not enough to avoid the potential spiraling of the high inflation - reduced spending &amp;ndash; higher cost of credit - lower consumer confidence pattern. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Martin Feldstein may be revealing the true thoughts on the U.S. administrations&amp;rsquo; minds as he commented on the Dollar&amp;rsquo;s decline coming at the right time. Rather strangely he noted that the Dollar&amp;rsquo;s decline against the Yen has been more than 20% since 2002. He seems to have avoided the fact that, from last year&amp;rsquo;s peak to this year&amp;rsquo;s trough it has fallen by 22%. However, he welcomed the decline since it provides greater U.S. competitiveness. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;It should spark calls for the U.S. administration to re-assert its strong Dollar policy. If not then the risk is for protectionism to come through attempting to manipulate exchange rate levels&amp;hellip;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;So Friday presented us with a broadly stable Dollar-(mainland) Europe, a weak Pound on the back of the drop in house prices and a weak Dollar against the Yen in spite of the extremely poor Japanese numbers on Friday. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;The beginning of the week could produce more of the same. 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